Victory War Memorial

Built by the English East India Company and completed around 1644, Fort St. George was the first English fortress in India and the nucleus around which the city of Madras (Chennai) grew. It still functions as a working seat of government, housing the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly and Secretariat, alongside the Fort Museum and St. Mary's Church.

Consecrated in 1680 inside Fort St. George, this Anglican church is the oldest Anglican (Protestant) church in India and is said to be the oldest east of Suez; it is associated with Elihu Yale, whose gift helped found Yale University, and with Robert Clive, who married here.

A large open recreation ground on 'the Island' between the Coovum river channels, near Fort St. George. Long used for exhibitions, fairs, circuses and public meetings, it is a traditional venue for the annual Island Grounds trade fair. It offers a spacious green expanse in the heart of the old city.

An iconic arched bridge over the Coovum river linking Fort St. George with the Marina, originally built in 1869 and named after Governor Francis Napier. Its curving span frames classic postcard views of the lighthouse and bay. In recent years it was repainted in bright rainbow colours, making it a favourite photo and film-shooting spot.

Completed in 1892, this sprawling red-sandstone complex is one of the grandest examples of Indo-Saracenic architecture in the world and long ranked as the second-largest judicial building after the Courts of London. Its domes, minarets and stained-glass-lit corridors dominate the northern seafront. A lighthouse once operated from atop one of its towers.

The Armenian Church of the Holy Virgin Mary in George Town, whose present structure dates to 1712, is a serene memorial to Chennai's once-thriving Armenian merchant community. It is celebrated for its belfry of six bells and the many Armenian graves in its tranquil courtyard, and stands near where Haroutiun Shmavonian published Azdarar, the world's first Armenian-language journal.

A warren of stalls near the harbour set up in the 1960s by Tamil repatriates from Burma, long famous for smuggled and imported electronics, foreign goods and pirated media. It also hosts eateries serving Burmese atho and other dishes brought back by the settlers. It remains a colourful, chaotic George Town institution.

An imposing administrative building completed in 1922 near Parry's Corner, serving as the headquarters of the Southern Railway zone. Its Indo-Saracenic domes and long arcaded facade make it a defining silhouette of the George Town waterfront. It stands beside the Ripon Building and other civic landmarks of old Madras.

A Shiva temple built alongside the Chennakesava Perumal Temple by Manali Muthukrishna Mudaliar in 1762, the two are known together as the 'Twin Temples' or Pattinam Temples of Chennai and share an interlinking passage. It replaced an earlier shrine razed by the East India Company. The paired Vishnu-Shiva complex is one of the oldest surviving temple foundations of colonial Madras.

This Vishnu temple honours Chenna Kesava Perumal, regarded as the patron deity of Chennai, and the city's name 'Chennapattanam' is widely believed to derive from it. The original was built by Beri Thimappa, the dubash who brokered the 1639 land deal that created Madras. After the East India Company demolished the first structure in 1757, the present temple was rebuilt in 1762 by Manali Muthukrishna Mudaliar.

The city's main post office in the Esplanade area, an Indo-Saracenic building completed in 1884 to a design by Robert Chisholm. Its arcaded corridors, domes and decorative stonework make it one of the finest heritage government buildings in Chennai. It has functioned continuously as a postal hub for well over a century.

A Shakti temple on Thambu Chetty Street where the presiding deity is the goddess Kalikambal (Kamakshi) with her consort Kamateswarar. Tradition holds that the Maratha emperor Shivaji worshipped here in 1677, and it is famously the temple where actor Rajinikanth prays. Originally sited near the seashore, it was relocated inland by the British in 1670.