Markandeswarar Temple

Kutladampatti Falls is a seasonal waterfall in the Nagamalai hills near Vadipatti, about 30 to 40 km northwest of Madurai, where the stream drops around 27 metres. A popular local picnic and monsoon-season spot, it is reached by a short forest trek and is at its best only after good rains.

An ancient Shiva temple on the banks of the Vaigai near Vadipatti, sung in the Thevaram hymns by the 7th-century saint Thirugnana Sambandar. Legend holds that Sambandar's palm-leaf manuscript floated upstream against the Vaigai's current, vindicating Saivism in a contest with the Jains. The presiding deity is worshipped as Edaganathar and the site is a revered Paadal Petra Sthalam.

A serpent-shaped hill on the western outskirts of Madurai whose name means 'snake hill', giving the Nagamalai Pudukottai neighbourhood its name. One of the trio of hills surrounding the city, it is a recognisable natural landmark along the Madurai-Theni road with rock outcrops and modest viewpoints.

The Samanar Malai rock hill at Keezhakuyilkudi, about 10-15 km west of Madurai, is a major Tamil-Jain (Samana) heritage site protected by the Archaeological Survey of India. It preserves rock-cut monk beds, Tamil-Brahmi inscriptions dating from around the 2nd century BCE onward, and later bas-relief carvings of Jain Tirthankaras at the Settipodavu and Pechipallam sites, along with a lotus pond and wide sunset views.

An ancient Vishnu temple in central Madurai and one of the 108 Divya Desams, where Vishnu is worshipped as Koodal Azhagar in three postures — sitting, standing and reclining — within a three-tiered sanctum topped by the eight-part Ashtanga Vimana. 'Koodal' is an old name for Madurai, and the temple is revered in the Nalayira Divya Prabandham by the Alvars.

The largest mosque and dargah in Madurai, enshrining the tombs of two 13th-century Madurai sultans and Sufi saints, Hazrat Sultan Alauddin and Hazrat Sultan Shamsuddin. The single dome over the tombs is said to have been carved from one massive block of stone. A major centre of Islamic pilgrimage, its annual urs festival draws devotees across faiths.

An old Shiva temple in the Sellur locality of Madurai, also known as the Thiruvappanur temple, dedicated to the deity Thiruvappudaiyar. It is one of the city's lesser-known but historically layered shrines, valued for its stone inscriptions and traditional Tamil temple architecture within an urban neighbourhood.

Madurai's colossal Dravidian temple complex is dedicated to the goddess Meenakshi (a form of Parvati) and her consort Sundareswarar (Shiva), and is ringed by 14 towering, sculpture-covered gopurams. Pandya in origin, it was largely rebuilt by the Madurai Nayaks, especially Thirumalai Nayak in the 17th century, after Malik Kafur's army sacked the city in 1310.

Puthu Mandapam (also spelled Pudhu or Vasantha Mandapam) is a large 17th-century pillared hall built by King Thirumalai Nayak just east of the Meenakshi Amman Temple's eastern gopuram in Madurai. Its rows of carved stone pillars, including sculptures of the Nayak kings, now shelter a busy covered bazaar of tailors and textile shops.

Madurai's oldest mosque, built in 1284 CE (683 AH) on land granted by a Pandya king to Kazi Syed Tajuddin, a 13th-century migrant from Yemen said to be a descendant of the Prophet Muhammad. It has been managed continuously by his family, the Hazrat Kazi lineage, and its Maqbara enshrines the tombs of revered local saints.

Housed in the historic Tamukkam palace, this memorial museum opened in 1959 and tells the story of India's freedom struggle alongside a biography of Mahatma Gandhi. Among its most moving relics is part of the blood-stained garment Gandhi was wearing when he was assassinated; Madurai is also where, in 1921, Gandhi first adopted the simple loincloth.

A 17th-century summer palace built around 1670 for the Nayak queen Rani Mangammal, in Indo-Saracenic style with tall pillars and a series of large domes. Historically used for royal ceremonies and elephant parades, the heritage complex today serves as government museum grounds in the Tallakulam area of Madurai.