History
Before 1715 — an older fort of Karwar stands on this headland at Chitakul, north bank of the Kali (Kalinadi), commanding the river mouth. Karwar is a working pepper port; the English East India Company holds a factory here, and the Gazetteer of 1883 records its pepper as the best on the coast. Local tradition places Shivaji’s crossing and conquest here on 21 February 1665, with a second visit in 1673.
1715 — the old fort is pulled down and Sadashivgad built in its place, on the authority of a local manuscript history cited in the Gazetteer. It is raised by Basavalinga (Basava Linga) of the Sonda dynasty, chief from about 1695 to 1745, and named for his father Sadashiva, the fifth chief of Sonda, who ruled 1674–1697. Ramparts about 8 m high and 2 m wide at the top, with towers and gun openings; a citadel at the summit entered by a single arched gateway; a western work near the sea called the Pani Killa and a further fortification on the eastern slope.
1715 — October. Stephen Strutt, Deputy Governor of Bombay, reaches Karwar on the 31st to investigate charges of mismanagement against the Karwar, Tellicherry, Calicut and Anjengo factors. He finds three Portuguese vessels cruising the river mouth to keep the coast clear of pirates. Karwar passes the inquiry without censure.
c. 1715–1720 — the Sonda raja completes a battery at the river mouth. Mr Taylor, chief of the English factory, seizes a wreck four miles from the factory and provokes Basava Linga, who besieges the factory for two months through the rains. Two relief attempts fail. The siege is raised with the help of a friendly Musalman, but hostility continues.
1720 — the Company is forced to remove its factory from Karwar.
1750 — the English are finally permitted to reopen a factory, but may not repair the old house or fortify the factor’s dwelling.
September 1752 — a Portuguese fleet takes possession of "Pir fort or Sadashivgad" at the mouth of the river. (Some later accounts give May 1752; the Gazetteer gives September and links it to the agent’s recall that November. The month is contested; the year is not.) With the Portuguese enforcing a monopoly on Karwar’s trade, the English agent is recalled in November 1752 and the Company never again opens a factory at Karwar.
November 1756 — on condition that they give up Pir fort, the Sonda chief grants the Portuguese four villages and permission to build a fort south of the Kalinadi near Baitakala. In 1758 Anquetil Du Perron notes the Sonda chief holding a fort on the Karwar river with the Portuguese at its mouth.
1783 — a detachment of Brigadier-General Richard Mathews’ East India Company force is sent to occupy Sadashivgad. Most of the fort is pulled down. It has been a ruin ever since.
1799 — Sadashivgad is garrisoned by Tipu Sultan’s troops. In 1800 it and Haliyal are the only two places in the district from which Tipu’s garrisons have not been driven out.
1801 — Karwar is described as in ruins, its former commerce reduced to a little trade in salt and catechu.
1928 — the Durgamma (Shantadurga) temple on the hill is rebuilt and enlarged by Daria Sarang of the Bhandari community, the darya sarang or navigator families of this coast.
⚠ One widely-repeated claim is left out above. Several sites state the Portuguese captured Sadashivgad in 1510. The fort was not built until 1715, so as written that cannot be right; if it refers to an earlier work on the same headland, no source we could check says so. We have not repeated it.
Why visit
Go for the view, and be honest with yourself that this is why you are going. From the top you look straight down onto the Kali river bridge, out across the estuary to the Arabian Sea, and off to the islands — Kurmagad closest, with the Karwar group beyond. It is the single best vantage point on this stretch of coast and it costs nothing.
Go late in the day. This is a west-facing headland over open water, and the light between about four o’clock and sunset is the whole reason photographers come up here. Morning is fine for the walk and for the temple, but the view is an evening view.
Go for the three things sharing one hill. A Sonda fort, a Hindu shrine still in worship and looked after by the same seafaring community for a century, and a seventeenth-century Sufi dargah that gave the Portuguese their name for the place. You can see all three inside an hour, and the fact that they have coexisted here for three hundred years is more interesting than any one of them alone.
Go knowing what is actually left. This is not Bidar or Chitradurga. Mathews’ men did their job in 1783 and what survives is a gateway, broken lengths of rampart and the shape of a citadel under scrub. If you arrive expecting a fort to explore you will be disappointed in ten minutes; if you arrive expecting a ruin on a headland with a remarkable outlook, you will not be.
And go as part of Karwar rather than as a trip in itself. It is about 5 km from the bus stand, it takes an hour, and it sits naturally either side of the Tagore beach seafront, the warship museum or a boat to Kurmagad. Building a day around it would be a mistake; leaving it out of a day at Karwar would be a bigger one.