Sikandar Dargah

A rock-cut temple at Thiruparankundram, about 8 km southwest of Madurai, honoured as one of the six Arupadai Veedu (sacred abodes) of Lord Murugan. By tradition it marks where Murugan married Deivanai (Devasena) after defeating the demon Surapadman; its cave shrines were carved by the Pandyas around the 8th century CE and later expanded with towering gopurams and pillared halls.

A traditional potters' settlement on the southern edge of Madurai, known for generations of families who hand-mould clay idols, especially the vividly painted Vinayaka figures made for the Vinayaka Chaturthi festival. Visitors can watch the wheel-throwing, sun-drying and painting of terracotta ware, making it a living craft heritage site.

One of the three hills that ring Madurai, alongside Yanaimalai and Nagamalai. Pasumalai, or 'green hill', rises on the city's southern edge with wooded slopes that hold a heritage TVS industrial estate and a hilltop hotel. The summit offers panoramic views over Madurai and the Vaigai plain.

The Samanar Malai rock hill at Keezhakuyilkudi, about 10-15 km west of Madurai, is a major Tamil-Jain (Samana) heritage site protected by the Archaeological Survey of India. It preserves rock-cut monk beds, Tamil-Brahmi inscriptions dating from around the 2nd century BCE onward, and later bas-relief carvings of Jain Tirthankaras at the Settipodavu and Pechipallam sites, along with a lotus pond and wide sunset views.

Madurai's oldest mosque, built in 1284 CE (683 AH) on land granted by a Pandya king to Kazi Syed Tajuddin, a 13th-century migrant from Yemen said to be a descendant of the Prophet Muhammad. It has been managed continuously by his family, the Hazrat Kazi lineage, and its Maqbara enshrines the tombs of revered local saints.

An ancient Vishnu temple in central Madurai and one of the 108 Divya Desams, where Vishnu is worshipped as Koodal Azhagar in three postures — sitting, standing and reclining — within a three-tiered sanctum topped by the eight-part Ashtanga Vimana. 'Koodal' is an old name for Madurai, and the temple is revered in the Nalayira Divya Prabandham by the Alvars.

A serpent-shaped hill on the western outskirts of Madurai whose name means 'snake hill', giving the Nagamalai Pudukottai neighbourhood its name. One of the trio of hills surrounding the city, it is a recognisable natural landmark along the Madurai-Theni road with rock outcrops and modest viewpoints.

Madurai's colossal Dravidian temple complex is dedicated to the goddess Meenakshi (a form of Parvati) and her consort Sundareswarar (Shiva), and is ringed by 14 towering, sculpture-covered gopurams. Pandya in origin, it was largely rebuilt by the Madurai Nayaks, especially Thirumalai Nayak in the 17th century, after Malik Kafur's army sacked the city in 1310.

This 17th-century palace, built in 1636 by King Thirumalai Nayak, is a striking blend of Dravidian and Indo-Saracenic style. Only about a quarter of the original complex survives, centred on the grand Swarga Vilasam (celestial pavilion) courtyard with its massive granite-and-stucco columns and domes, and an evening sound-and-light show tells its story.

The mother church of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Madurai, tracing to a mission church built in 1841 and rebuilt into its present large form, completed and blessed in 1916. It is the seat of the diocese, noted for its twin Roman-style bell towers and Romanesque-Gothic architecture with pointed arches and stained glass.

Puthu Mandapam (also spelled Pudhu or Vasantha Mandapam) is a large 17th-century pillared hall built by King Thirumalai Nayak just east of the Meenakshi Amman Temple's eastern gopuram in Madurai. Its rows of carved stone pillars, including sculptures of the Nayak kings, now shelter a busy covered bazaar of tailors and textile shops.

The largest mosque and dargah in Madurai, enshrining the tombs of two 13th-century Madurai sultans and Sufi saints, Hazrat Sultan Alauddin and Hazrat Sultan Shamsuddin. The single dome over the tombs is said to have been carved from one massive block of stone. A major centre of Islamic pilgrimage, its annual urs festival draws devotees across faiths.