St. Andrew's Kirk

A colonial-era railway terminus opened in 1908 for the South Indian Railway, built in Gothic and Indo-Saracenic style with a soaring portico and clock-towered facade. For decades it was the gateway for trains to southern Tamil Nadu. It is a protected heritage structure and one of Chennai's most photographed buildings.

Housed in a striking red Indo-Saracenic building opened in 1909 within the Pantheon Complex at Egmore, designed by Henry Irwin and built of Satyavedu sandstone. It holds Rajput and Mughal miniatures, Tanjore paintings, ivory and metalware. Its ornate arched facade is among the most photographed heritage structures in Chennai.

Established in 1851, the Government Museum in Egmore is one of the oldest museums in India (widely cited as the second oldest after the Indian Museum, Kolkata). Set in a complex of striking red Indo-Saracenic buildings, it is celebrated for its Bronze Gallery of Chola-era bronzes, including a famous Nataraja, and for the historic Connemara Public Library.

Opened in 1896 and named after Lord Connemara, this is one of India's four National Depository Libraries, entitled to a copy of every book, newspaper and periodical published in the country. It occupies a magnificent Indo-Saracenic hall within the Egmore museum complex and remains a working public library and treasure house of rare volumes.

A gleaming white Neoclassical colonial building completed in 1913 and designed by G.T.S. Harris, serving as the headquarters of the Greater Chennai Corporation. It is named after Lord Ripon, the Viceroy regarded as the father of local self-government, and is famed for its Westminster-chime clock tower.

Chennai's Victorian-era Town Hall, a red-brick Indo-Saracenic landmark near Central station in Park Town, designed by Robert Chisholm and built between 1883 and 1889. Restored under the Singara Chennai initiative, it now serves as a heritage museum and cultural performance venue.

Established in 1842 from the charitable bequest of the 18th-century merchant Pachaiyappa Mudaliar, it is one of the oldest educational institutions in the city. Its main hall on Poonamallee High Road is a striking replica of the Temple of Theseus in Athens, with a Greek-columned portico. It played a major role in the intellectual life of colonial Madras.

Originally the Banqueting Hall, it was built in 1802 within the Government Estate to commemorate the British victory over Tipu Sultan at Seringapatam. Designed in imposing Neoclassical style with towering Ionic columns, it later hosted state functions and lyings-in-state of Tamil Nadu leaders. It is named after C. Rajagopalachari, independent India's last Governor-General.

This Vishnu temple honours Chenna Kesava Perumal, regarded as the patron deity of Chennai, and the city's name 'Chennapattanam' is widely believed to derive from it. The original was built by Beri Thimappa, the dubash who brokered the 1639 land deal that created Madras. After the East India Company demolished the first structure in 1757, the present temple was rebuilt in 1762 by Manali Muthukrishna Mudaliar.

A Shiva temple built alongside the Chennakesava Perumal Temple by Manali Muthukrishna Mudaliar in 1762, the two are known together as the 'Twin Temples' or Pattinam Temples of Chennai and share an interlinking passage. It replaced an earlier shrine razed by the East India Company. The paired Vishnu-Shiva complex is one of the oldest surviving temple foundations of colonial Madras.

The site of Spencer & Co., established in the 1860s, whose grand department store was among the earliest and largest shopping arcades in India before a 1983 fire destroyed the original Indo-Saracenic building. The present mall retains the historic Spencer's name and remains a Mount Road landmark. It is often cited as the first shopping mall in the country.

A large open recreation ground on 'the Island' between the Coovum river channels, near Fort St. George. Long used for exhibitions, fairs, circuses and public meetings, it is a traditional venue for the annual Island Grounds trade fair. It offers a spacious green expanse in the heart of the old city.