Thanjavur Bronze Icon Craft

The Swaminathaswamy (Murugan) temple at Swamimalai, one of the six sacred “Padai Veedu” abodes of Murugan, reached by a flight of steps; the surrounding town is the living centre of Chola-style lost-wax bronze icon-making. About 7 km west of Kumbakonam.

A UNESCO-listed Great Living Chola Temple at Darasuram near Kumbakonam, built by Rajaraja Chola II in the 12th century and famous for its stone chariot-form mandapa and “musical” steps. It is a day trip east of Thanjavur.

The Dhenupureeswarar (Shiva) temple at Patteeswaram near Kumbakonam is best known for its graceful, benevolent Durga (Durgai) shrine, where the goddess is shown in a calm, gentle form rather than a fierce one. By tradition the Cholas revered this Durga and are said to have sought her blessing before going into battle.

The principal Shiva temple of Kumbakonam and the town’s namesake, at the heart of the old bazaar; the focus of the 12-yearly Mahamaham festival at the nearby tank.

The Shiva temple beside the battlefield of about 879 CE, where the Chola victory over the Pandyas began the dynasty's return. Aditya Chola I is said to have rebuilt the brick shrine standing here in granite in memory of that day. Shiva is worshipped as Sakshinathar, the witness, from the tradition that he appeared to give evidence for a Chettiar woman; the temple is the forty-sixth of the Tevaram-sung Shiva shrines on the north bank of the Kaveri, and is held by the Madurai Adheenam.

The Chakrapani Temple in Kumbakonam is a Vishnu temple on the bank of the Cauvery, where Vishnu is worshipped as Chakrapani, the Sudarshana or discus form. By legend the discus emerged from the river and, having humbled Surya the sun god, gave Vishnu the name Chakrapani; the present temple is generally dated to the Nayaka period.

A 16th-century Nayak-era Rama temple in Kumbakonam, famous for its sculpted pillars and painted mandapa panels illustrating scenes from the Ramayana.

One of the largest Vishnu temples in the Cauvery delta and a Divya Desam, its towering gopuram dominates central Kumbakonam; the sanctum is shaped like a temple chariot drawn by horses and elephants.

The Nageswaraswamy Temple in Kumbakonam is one of the earliest Chola temples, dedicated to Shiva worshipped as Nagaraja, the serpent king. Founded in the 9th century, it is celebrated for its refined early Chola sculpture and for an astronomical design in which sunlight reaches the sanctum during the Tamil month of Chithirai.

A vast sacred temple tank of about 20 acres, ringed by 16 ornate mandapams and small shrines. Once every twelve years the Mahamaham festival draws millions of pilgrims who bathe here, believing the nine holy rivers of India converge in its waters. It is one of the most important mass-bathing pilgrimage sites in South India.

The Naganathaswamy Shiva temple at Thirunageswaram near Kumbakonam is one of the nine Navagraha (planet) temples of the Cauvery delta and is dedicated to Rahu. It is especially known for the Rahu abhishekam, during which the milk poured over the deity is seen by devotees to take on a bluish tinge before running clear.

The temple stands at Thirukarukavur, about 7 km south of Papanasam on the bank of the Vettar, not in Papanasam itself. Shiva is worshipped here as Mullaivananathar, lord of the jasmine wood, and the goddess as Garbarakshambigai, who guards the womb: the name of the village comes from the story of a woman whose pregnancy the god saved, and couples come from across India for the consecrated ghee and castor oil given as prasadam. It is the eighteenth of the Tevaram-sung Shiva shrines on the south bank of the Kaveri.