Places to Visit in Thirumayam

A 17th-century Sufi mosque and dargah built by Arcot Nawab Muhammad Ali Khan Wallajah in Indo-Islamic style with a large dome, arched gateway and minarets. It houses the tomb of the Sufi saint Bava Fakruddin, believed to be a grandson of the Nagore saint Shahul Hamid. Its annual urs festival draws pilgrims of many faiths, including Hindus, making it a symbol of local interfaith harmony.

The only Tamil princely state to keep its independence left behind a district thick with rock-cut cave temples, early Jain frescoes and Chola-era stone shrines.

A ring of granite ramparts climbs a bare hill in the Pudukkottai country — a fort raised by a Ramnad king, fought over in the wars of the eighteenth century, and standing above two of the oldest rock-cut cave temples in the Tamil land.

An Early Chola Shiva temple built around 920 CE during the reign of Parantaka I by the local Irukkuvel chief. Its two-tier Nagara-style vimana over the sanctum is a fine example of early Chola architecture, and the shrine is counted among the Vaippu Sthalams of the Tevaram. Eleven inscriptions spanning the 10th to 16th centuries survive here, and the monument is protected by the Archaeological Survey of India.

A natural cavern in the Narthamalai hill group containing polished rock-cut stone beds where Jain ascetics practised austerities, similar to those at Sittanavasal's Ezhadippattam. The facade bears Tirthankara relief sculptures and early inscriptions, marking Narthamalai as a significant ancient Jain centre. Broken Jaina idols and further reliefs are found near the nearby Palli-k-kulam tank.

A roughly thousand-year-old Shiva temple near Ponnamaravathi whose presiding deity is Chockalingeswarar with goddess Meenakshi. It is famous for its granite Nandi, called Nei Nandhi (Ghee Bull), which is anointed with ghee during Pradosham, with the melted ghee collected in a nearby well. Locally the Nandi is regarded as a sibling of the great Nandi at Thanjavur's Brihadeeswarar temple.

A ruined fort built by the Tondaiman chieftains who ruled the area as feudatories under the Vijayanagara and Pandya kingdoms around the 16th-17th century. Its most distinctive feature is that the outer ramparts were built largely of mud rather than stone or brick. Little of the interior survives, but the earthen walls make it an unusual example of regional fort construction.

A Shiva temple where the deity is worshipped as Arangulanathar with his consort Brahadambal (Periyanayaki). It is a Vaippu Sthalam praised in the Tevaram hymns of Sambandar and is traditionally linked to the Sangam-era Chola king Karikala. The temple has a large hundred-pillar hall, and a superb Nataraja bronze from here is now displayed at the National Museum, New Delhi.

A cluster of temples at the foot of Kadambarmalai hill in the Narthamalai group, distinct from the better-known Vijayalaya Choleeswaram. It includes the Kadamba Nayanar (Shiva) shrine, a shrine to the goddess Mangalambikai and another called Nagarisvaram. The complex reflects the layered Chola and Pandya religious activity across the Narthamalai hills.